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- FOOD, Page 66Wonders of the Vegetable Bin
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- Six ordinary foodstuffs that medical researchers think have potent
- effects on cholesterol and cancer
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- By JANICE M. HOROWITZ -- Reported by Michele Donley/Chicago
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- Take another look in the pantry: it might be a drugstore.
- Six of the latest hot health foods are common, garden-variety
- foodstuffs, from garlic to celery and -- sorry, George Bush --
- broccoli, that show uncommon potential for preventing cancer,
- heart disease and other illnesses. Scientists are only beginning
- to appreciate the way that common plants store potent chemical
- compounds that may block the body's synthesis of carcinogens or
- decrease cholesterol levels in the blood. "We're finally
- catching up with what vegetarians and health-food nuts believed
- all along," says Jon Michnovicz, medical director of New York
- City's Institute for Hormone Research. Researchers caution that
- the effects of all the chemicals in the ordinary wonder foods
- are not known. Binging on them is definitely not recommended.
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- CELERY. Long valued (for their low calorie content) as
- diet food, the green stalks may be even better for the heart.
- Researchers at the University of Chicago reported in April that
- rats experienced a 12% to 14% drop in systolic blood pressure
- and a substantial reduction in cholesterol levels after four
- weeks on a celery diet. The rodents were injected with a tiny
- amount of celery extract a day; a 150-lb. human would have to
- gobble four large stalks for the same proportionate intake.
- Stalks, however, unlike extract, contain lots of undesirable
- salt. The cardio-friendly ingredient in celery is a compound
- called phthalide that may also exert a mild sedative effect on
- humans.
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- BROCCOLI. This member of the cabbage family is rich in a
- little-known substance called indole carbinol, which breaks down
- estrogen, a hormone that seems to promote the development of
- certain breast tumors. Scientists believe about a cup of
- broccoli every other day could contain enough indole carbinol
- to prevent the growths. So far, research has shown a pronounced
- effect on mice; preliminary studies are being carried out on 50
- women who are at high risk for such cancers. Broccoli and its
- relatives also contain beta carotene, a substance that could
- help ward off lung, throat and bladder cancer. The same compound
- may also reduce the risk of heart attack. Researchers at Harvard
- Medical School report that men with clogged arteries who were
- fed beta carotene supplements suffered half as many heart
- seizures and strokes as did men given placebo pills.
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- GRAPEFRUIT. Researchers think pectin, the gelling agent
- found in the peel and white membrane that surround citrus pulp,
- could also lower cholesterol levels. After 60 days of eating
- pectin, pigs at the University of Florida showed a marked
- reduction in blood fat. Preliminary studies indicate that pectin
- may be useful in treating clogged arteries. The amount of citrus
- probably needed to produce any results is dauntingly high: the
- equivalent of two or three grapefruit a day.
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- FLAXSEED. Long overlooked in U.S. kitchens, flax is a
- cereal grain containing a type of fatty acid similar to that
- found in fish oil. The substance, linolenic acid, may inhibit
- the body's production of prostaglandins, hormone-like
- substances that can contribute to the formation of tumors. Tests
- on animals have been promising, but human trials have not yet
- been conducted. Linolenic acid could also be a potential weapon
- against asthma, arthritis and psoriasis. Europeans and Canadians
- consume lots of flaxseed in their bread and cereals. Few U.S.
- manufacturers bake with the grain.
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- GARLIC. The "lowly stinking rose" may lower blood pressure
- slightly and help prevent blood clotting, like aspirin. A recent
- German study showed marked reduction in blood fats, including
- cholesterol, among people who consumed the equivalent of one
- clove of garlic a day. The active compounds are probably the
- same sulfur derivatives that give garlic its distinctive odor.
- Other studies suggest that sulfur compounds may suppress the
- development of stomach cancer in humans and breast cancer in
- laboratory animals. Garlic does not have to be eaten raw, but
- deep frying and high heat could destroy its active ingredients.
- If the idea of fresh garlic is just too malodorous, a
- German-based company markets a tablet form, which it claims is
- scent free.
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- SOYBEANS. A mainstay of Asian cuisines, soybeans can be
- boiled, canned or processed as bean curd (tofu). Last year
- researchers at the Bronx Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City found that
- lecithin, which is abundant in soybeans, may help prevent
- alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver. Isoflavones in the beans have
- been shown to prevent liver cancer in animals by breaking down
- toxic agents that can cause the malignancy. A strong word of
- warning about soy: it also contains protease inhibitors, which
- have been linked to the development of pancreatic cancer.
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